Limewash
A thin, mineral-based coating made from crushed limestone and water. It penetrates well into porous surfaces like brick and stone better than other mediums. Most often applied on top plaster, it creates a matte and velvety finish. Keep in mind though that it is not a build-up material, and doesn't patch or smooth surfaces itself. Instead, it relies on the substrate's texture. Similar to the other products discussed in this post, it creates a soft tonal variation and patina. Over time, it naturally ages and can be easily refreshed later on.
Lime paint
This sits somewhere between traditional paint and limewash. It is still breathable, usually applied with a hand brush or roller to create the same finish. Dissimilar to limewash, this can be placed directly on drywall given it has been properly primed. It offers more color consistency but still produces subtle movement and variation.
Integral Plaster
If you're looking to minimize the amount of coatings but get the same natural look, this is a great go-to. It is when pigment is mixed directly into the plaster itself. Different from standard drywall finishing compound, integral plaster is both the surface preparation and final finish. It can be used in two ways:
As a repair material: when applied over a patched drywall or uneven areas to create a seamless finish. It helps unify old and new surfaces without relying on multiple paint layers to disguise imperfections.
As a finish coat: in high-end interiors, it serves as the finished surface itself. Applied in thin, layered coats (how limewash isn't able to be layered), it creates the same depth.
How to choose
Natural finishes have seen a resurgence in recent years, and for good reason. Lime-based and mineral finishes offer depth, texture, and a softness that synthetic paints can't replicate. While often used interchangeably, it's important to remember that they are different materials with varying application processes and maintenance needs. Patina is when paint fades into an aged, weathered or oxidized appearance. The word stems from the oxidization causing a green or brown film on top of bronze or other metals. Limewash may require refreshing over time as it patinas. Lime paint is more easily spot-repaired. Integral plaster is highly durable as opposed to its counterparts, but needs to be inspected for hairline cracks.
All three of the above are mineral-based and breathable compared to other paint alternatives. Especially in coastal environments and older homes, having a vapor permeable option is a must. It allows evaporation rather than trapping moisture beneath the sealed surface.
They can be sealed or varnished to create a satin or polished appearance. This can enhance durability, make more easily cleanable, and deepen color. However, sealing the final layer and reduce the material's breathability. Deciding how you want to finish the coating is the last step. To choose which material to use in the first place, here are our recommendations:
Repair and unify walls: Integral Plaster
Deep texture and historic authenticity: Integral Plaster
Soft, chalky patina on masonry: Limewash
Breathable, subtle movement on drywall: Lime Paint
High-gloss polished finish: Plaster (with sealant, cautiously)
